2020-2021学年人教版七年级英语下册Unit3知识点梳理

一、重点词组

take the train /bus/boat/subway =by train/bus/boat/subway

by bike=ride a bike=on one’s bike骑自行车

every day每天 think of=think about认为 cross the river过河 cross the road过马路 the bus ride乘汽车的路程 good exercise好的运动 have a good day祝你今天愉快 between…and

在…..和……之间

乘火车/公共汽车/船/地铁

be not afraid不害怕 love to do sth.=like to do sth喜欢做…… play with sb/sth 和某人玩耍；玩耍某物

be like…to sb. 像……一样对…… like this 像这样 It is one's dream to do… 做……是某人的梦想 have to do… 不得不做某事……

go on a ropeway 坐索道 come true 实现，成为现实 take medicine 吃药 take off 起飞，脱下 take away 拿走 take photos 照相 take a walk 散步 take place 发生

take part in 参加 take the bus 乘坐公共汽车

二、重点语法 1.交通方式的表达

1)take＋限定词＋交通工具名称(常在句中作谓语)：take the bus/train/subway等。如：

—How does your father go to Guangzhou？“你父亲怎样去广州？”

—He takes the train.“他乘火车去。”

2)动词＋to＋地点名词(在句中作谓语)。这类动词有walk，drive，fly，ride等。如：

He rides to his friend's home.他骑车去他朋友家。

注意：动词(如walk,drive等)后面直接跟地点副词(here,there,home等)时，介词to要省略。

3)by＋交通工具名称(在句中作状语)：by bus/train/taxi/air等。如： —How do you go to Beijing?你怎样去北京？ —I go to Beijing by plane.我乘飞机去北京。

【注意】该短语中交通工具名称前不加任何冠词，而且也不用复数形式。

同义句转换：

My father takes the bus to work. =My father goes to work by bus. =My father goes to work on the bus.

2.How do you get to school?你是怎样到达学校的？ 该句是由how引导的对交通方式进行提问的特殊问句。 How do/does sb. get to…? 其中how意为“如何，怎样”。

eg：How do you go to work？你是怎样去上班的？ how还可以用来询问程度和方法。

eg：How can I learn English well？我怎样才能将英语学好？

how还可以与long，far等构成短语。how long用于表示两地之间花费的时间或物体的长度。how far用于询问两地之间的距离。如： How long does it take you to get to school?

你到达学校需要多长时间？ How long is the river? 这条河流有多长？

How far is it from your home to school? 你的家离学校有多远？

3.How long does it take…？那需要花多长时间？

①该句为省略句，其完整形式为How long does it take to get to school？其中how long意为“多久，多长时间”，用来询问某个动作所持续的时间长短或物体的长度。 ①take在本句中意为“花费”，且句子主语一般为物。常构成句型it takes sb.some time to do sth.意为“花费某人一段时间做某事”，在该句型中，有时sb.或some time可省略，其中it是形式主语，动词不定式是真正的主语。

eg：It takes me twenty minutes to read English every day.读英语每天花费我20分钟。

4.How far is it from your home to school？你家离学校有多远？

A)how far“多远”，常用来询问距离或路程，it在这里指距离，句子结构为：How far is it from A to B？还可以用How far is A from B？“A地距离B地多远？” 【辨析】how far与how long

how far询问两地(点)之间的距离，问路程。

how long“多久，多长”，询问物体自身长度或对“一段时间”进行提问。 B)from…to…“从……到……”，两介词后可接表示时间或地点的名词。 C)表示距离的回答小结： How far is it from A to B? ①It's about 5 minutes to walk. ①It's about 5 minutes on foot. ①It's about 5 minutes' walk.

①It's about 5­minute walk. ①It's about three miles away.

5.how soon 用来提问做完某事还需要多长时间， 常用于将来时态时， 常用“in+时间段”来回答。

――How soon will you arrive in Beijing? ----In 3 hours.

6.get to/arrive/reach 到达

get to +地点= arrive in/at+地点= reach +地点 到达某地 （1）get 不及物动词，

a、后接地点名词时与介词to 连用 get to school 到学校 b、后接here, there, home等地点副词时，应省略to get home/here /there 到家/到这儿/那儿 （2）arrive 不及物动词

a、后接大地点时，用 arrive in arrive in Beijing 到达北京 b、后接小地点时，用arrive at arrive at school 到达学校

c、后接here/there等地点副词时，不用介词 arrive here 到达这儿 (3) reach 及物动词，后面可以直接接名词 reach Beijing 到达北京

7.hundred的用法)

【典例】About eight hundred students are in my school.

【精讲】当我们表达具体的“几百”时，用“基数词＋hundred”，此时hundred之后不能加“­s”。而要表示“数百的；成百上千的”时，要用“hundreds of”表示，此时hundred之后必须加“­s”，且后要用介词of，但不能与数词连用。

【拓展】thousand(千)，million(百万)，billion(亿)等词的用法与hundred相同。

hundred 百 hundred of 数百的 thousand 千 thousands of 成千上万的 million 百万 millions of 数以百万的

8.minute n 分钟

【拓展】(1) 15 minutes = a quarter 一刻钟 (2) 30 minutes =half an hour 半个小时

(3)Just a minute =Wait a minute 请等一会

9.across,cross,through,over的用法区别

1)across是介词，强调从一定范围的一边到另一边，且在物体表面上或沿着某一条线的方向

而进行的动作，其含义常与介词on有关，常和表示“走”一类的动词（如：walk,run, fly,jump等）连用。

Go across the bridge,and you' ll find the park. 越过这座桥，你就会找到公园。 The little girl ran across the road. 这个小女孩横穿马路。

2)cross是动词，表示“穿过、越过、渡过”。 The old man is crossing the road. 这位老人正在穿过马路。 Be careful when you cross the street. 过街时你要小心。

3)through是介词，表示从某一范围的一端到另一端，但它表示的动作是在内部空间进行

的，往往指穿过沙漠、森林、窗户等。 The river runs through the city. 这条河从这座城市中间流过。 Can you see it through this hole? 你能透过这个洞看到它吗？

4)over是介词，用作“穿过、通过”时，表示到达高的障碍物（如树、墙、篱笆和山脉等） 的另一侧。

He jumped over the wall. 他跳过了墙。

The horse jumped over the fence. 马跳过栅栏。

10.many修饰可数名词复数，如：There aremany people. much修饰不可数名词复数，如：I have much money.

11.village村庄 villager村民

12.11-year-old 11岁的

He is an eleven-year-old boy.他是一位11岁的男孩。

13.句型it is＋adj.＋to do sth.的用法 It's fun to play computer games.

It is＋adj.＋to do sth.意为“做某事……”，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式结构to do sth.

14.bus stop 公共汽车站

stop (1)n 车站 bus station 公共汽车终点站 (2)v 停止

①stop doing sth 停止做某事 Please stop speaking.请停止讲话 ①stop to do sth 停下来去做另外一件事 Please stop to talk.请停下来讲话 ①stop sb. from doing sth =keep sb from doing sth =prevent sb. from doing sth 阻止某人做某事

15.由afraid构成的短语 The boy is afraid of snake.

①“be afraid of＋名词/代词”意为“害怕某人或某物”；“be afraid of ＋动词­ing形式”意为“害怕做某事”。

①be afraid to do sth.意为“害怕去做某事”。

①“be afraid＋that从句”意为“恐怕/担心……”，或表示委婉的回绝某人。

16.like的用法

My math teacher is like an old brother to me.

①like作动词时，意为“喜欢；爱好”，其后可接名词或代词作宾语，也可接动词­ing形式或动词不定式作宾语。

①like作介词时，意为“像……；似……”。

三、练习题

1. _________do you think of Beijing?

A. How B. What C. Which D. Where 2. — How old are you ? — I’m thirteen __________old. A. age B. years C. year D. ages 3. He’s very ___________his brother. I can hardly tell (分辨) them.

A. like B. love C. looking like D. looks like 4.All we go there ______or _____?

A. by bus; by train B.by bus; take train C. by a bus ; take a train D. take bus; take train

5.— What do you _______ this picture? — Wow, it’ beautiful. A. think about B. think over C. think of D. think 6. Did he _______ there?

A.get to B. arrive at C. arrive D. reach to

7. Anna is one of my good friends. I want to buy a watch _____ her. A. to B. of C. for D. at 8. We can _____ a bus to the cinema(电影院). A. sit B. get C. take D. on

9. They are six ______________(hundred) people in his factory. 10. Thank you for ________________(help) me.

11.You look tired. Please stop____________（have) a rest.

12. It will take him an hour_______________（do）his homework. 13. Thank you very much for____________（help) me with my English. 14.It’ll take me only half an hour _____________(get) there. 15.It takes _____________(she) an hour to get there 16. One hundred years ____________(be) too long.

17.How many _______________(minute) are there in an hour? 18.How many＿_________（mile) is it from your home to your school? 19. How about ______________ (ride) our bikes to the park? 20. How ______ Bob_______（get）to school every day? 21. It took him 25minutes_____________ (walk) to school.

22. Gina often _______________(take) the train to school.

参考答案：

1-5BBAAC 6-8CCC 9.hundred 10.helping 11.to have 12.to do 13.helping 14. to get 15.her 16.is 17.minutes 18.miles 19.riding 20.does;get 21. to walk 22.takes