高考英语一轮复习Unit7TheSea能力提升题组训练B含解析北师大版

能力提升题组训练(B)

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2018武汉高三调研)

Our planet is home to about seven billion people.Since the 1990s,population experts have predicted the number would grow to nine billion before it begins to slow down and possibly decrease.

But a new report predicts the world’s population is likely to increase to almost 11 billion by 2100.Based on the most modern statistical tools,the new report makes use of government records and considers expert predictions,including death rates,birth rates and international migration,or people moving across borders.The report says during the rest of this century,Africa’s population will grow from about 3.5 billion to 5.1 billion over the next 85 years.

John is director of the United Nations Population Division.He says that in the past,researchers thought population growth in Africa would be similar to that of other areas.They expected slower growth rates as birth control use became more widespread.But he says those ideas were wrong.

“The level of contraception use has continued to increase but slowly—more slowly than expected,and birth rate therefore has been falling less rapidly than expected,and the population therefore continues to grow somewhat more rapidly than we expected.”The new findings are based on a joint research project of the United Nations and the University of Washington.

The researchers believe the population of Asia will reach five billion by 2050.That is up from the current 4.4 billion.And then it begins to decline.The researchers also believe that North America,Europe,Latin America and the Caribbean area will have a total population of below one billion.

John says the pressure of feeding the rising population is likely to be less than that might be expected.

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“The relatively good news is that the world has been winning the race between population growth and food production.If you look back historically over the last 50 years,certainly for the world as a whole and for many most individual countries and regions,the increase in food production has outpaced the increase of population.”

1.Which area will experience the largest increase in population at the end of the century?

A.Asia. B.Africa. C.Europe. D.North America.

2.“Contraception use” in the fourth paragraph refers to . A.a method of expert predictions

B.a way of avoiding growth in population C.a joint research into the rising population D.a potential technology for food production

3.Why is the pressure of feeding the rising population less than expected according to John?

A.Expert predictions are not exactly like what the facts happen. B.Birth rates have always been falling less rapidly than we expected. C.The population grows less rapidly than population experts expected. D.The increase in food production has outpaced the increase of population. 4.What can be inferred from the passage?

A.The world’s population will increase constantly. B.The population of Asia will rise by 5 billion by 2050. C.John is optimistic about feeding the rising population.

D.Population growth in Africa was much slower than expected. 语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文,介绍了一份预测未来世界人口增长趋势的报告。 答案及剖析:

1.B 细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句可知,非洲人口会增长1.6 billion;根据第五段可知,亚洲人口到2050年会增长0.6 billion,接着会下降;根据第五段的最后一句可知,欧洲、北美、拉丁美洲和加勒比海地区总人口将不到1 billion。故选B。

2.B 词义猜测题。根据第三段的第三句可知,他们预计避孕措施的普及会使人口出生率的速

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度减慢,故文中画线短语的意思与B项“避免人口增长的方法”相近,故选B。

3.D 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“ the increase in food production has outpaced the increase of population”可知,食物产量的增长超过了人口的增长,故选D。

4.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知,John认为好消息在于人口增长与食物产量增长这场比赛中世界各国一直在取得胜利,并且食物产量的增长超过了人口的增长,故可推知选C。

B

(21世纪学生英文报632期)

Running is often tiring and a lot of hard work,but nothing beats the feeling you get after finishing a long workout around the track (跑道).

But while it’s long been believed that endorphins (脑内啡)—chemicals in the body that cause happiness—are behind the so-called “runner’s high”,a study suggested that there may be more to this phenomenon than we previously knew.

According to a recent study published by a group of scientists from several German universities,a group of chemicals called endocannabinoids (内源性大麻素) may actually be responsible for this familiar great feeling.

To test this theory,the scientists turned to mice.

Both mice and humans release high levels of endorphins and endocannabinoids after exercise,along with many other chemicals.After exercising on running wheels,the mice seemed happy and relaxed and displayed no signs of anxiety.

But after being given a drug to block their endorphins,the mice’s behavior didn’t seem to change.However,when their endocannabinoids were blocked with a different drug,their runner’s high symptoms seemed to fade.

“The long-held notion of endorphins being responsible for the runner’s high is false.Endorphins are effective pain relievers,but only when it comes to the pain in your body and muscles you feel after working out,” Patrick Lucas Austin wrote on science blog Lifehacker.

Similar studies are yet to be carried out on humans,but it’s already well known that exercise is a highly effective way to get rid of stress or anxiety.

The UK’s National Health Service even prescribes (开药方) exercise to patients

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who are suffering from depression.

“Being depressed can leave you feeling low in energy,which might put you off being more active.Regular exercise can boost your mood if you have depression,and it’s especially useful for people with mild to moderate (中等的) depression,” it wrote on its website.

It seems like nothing can beat that feeling we get after a good workout,even if we don’t fully understand where it comes from.At least if we’re feeling down,we know that all we have to do is put on our running shoes.

5.What did scientists from German universities recently discover? A.Working out is a highly effective way to treat depression. B.The runner’s high could be caused by endocannabinoids. C.Endorphins may contribute to one’s high spirits after running. D.The level of endorphins and endocannabinoids could affect one’s mood. 6.The scientists gave mice drugs in their experiment to . A.find what reduces the runner’s high symptoms B.see the specific symptoms of the runner’s high C.identify what is responsible for the runner’s high D.test what influences the level of endocannabinoids released

7.The underlined word “notion” in Paragraph 7 has the closest meaning to . A.effect

B.goal C.question D.belief

8.According to the UK’s National Health Service,regular workouts . A.are the best way to treat depression B.can help ease depression symptoms

C.only work for those with serious depression D.can help people completely recover from depression 语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文,解释了为什么跑步会让你感觉舒畅。 答案及剖析:

5.B 细节理解题。根据第三段中“a group of chemicals called endocannabinoids may actually be responsible for this familiar great feeling” 可知,endocannabinoids是跑步后产生愉悦感的原因,B正确。人们之前认为是endorphins使人产生运动后的愉悦感,

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但这并不是最新的发现,C错误。由文章倒数第二段可知,the UK’s National Health Service网站提到运动可以缓解轻度和中度的抑郁症,但这并不是德国科学家的发现,A错误。文章并未提及D选项,故不选。

6.C 细节理解题。根据第六段可知,给小鼠使用药物是为了探究造成跑步者愉悦感现象的物质是endorphins还是endocannabinoids,故C正确。

7.D 语义猜词题。effect意为“效果”,goal 意为“目标”,question意为“问题”,belief意为“看法,信念,观念”,根据语境可判断belief最符合文意,即endorphins造成跑步者愉悦感现象的观念是错误的,故D正确。

8.B 推理判断题。由关键词National Health Service定位到倒数第二和第三段,A和D选项都过于绝对,文章也并未提及,故错误。根据“Regular exercise can boost your mood if you have depression,and it’s especially useful for people with mild to moderate depression,”可知运动可以改善心情,对于轻度和中度抑郁症患者更有效,并非是只对重度抑郁症有效,故C错误,B正确。 Ⅱ.语法填空(2018安徽皖南八校联考)

Youth seems to be fading away in my heart,only leaving me some unforgettable 1. (memory).Things that we believed would last forever had 2. (actual) gone in a second before we realized it.Those who we used to deeply love have now become strangers.Our once pure and beautiful dream is gradually fading away with time passing by.This is youth,3. is indeed an endless cycle from familiarity to strangeness and from strangeness to familiarity.

Human is such a strange animal that we mostly ignore something 4. we lose it.We 5. (gain) a lot of things,but also we have lost a lot.We are in great effort in changing our fate and bringing more happiness to people around us.However,we soon realize it is difficult 6. (achieve) any of them.It is a lifelong promise.Many things would change with time and no one can guarantee eternity (永恒).So,silence becomes the best 7. (solve) to all difficulties and hardships.

The flying youth has deposited (沉积) too many things in our heart.Life should 8. (treat) with special care.We should treasure every moment of sincerity and gratefulness because 9. best things will be gone very easily.If you do

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not want to have tearing eyes,then just try to smile and hold a positive attitude towards 10. (you) life every day! 答案及剖析:

1.memories 考查名词复数。青春似乎在我的心中消逝,只留给我一些难以忘怀的记忆。根据 some unforgettable 可知,有许多令人难忘的记忆,所以要用复数memories。 2.actually 考查副词。事实上,那些我们认为会永远存在的事情在我们意识到之前实际上已经过去了。分析句子可知,本句中的空格处在句子中作状语修饰gone,因此要用副词形式,故用actually。

3.which 考查非限制性定语从句。分析This is youth, is indeed an endless cycle from familiarity to strangeness and from strangeness to familiarity可知,本句中的youth是先行词,在非限制性定语从句中作主语,故用which。这就是青春,从熟悉到陌生,从陌生到熟悉,这是一个无止境的循环。

4.until/before/unless 考查连词。分析句子可知,是说人在失去某些东西时/之后才会知道忽略了它。故可填until/before/unless。

5.have gained 考查谓语动词。根据后面“but also we have lost a lot.”可知,表示已收获了很多的同时也失去了很多,表示动作已完成,故填have gained。

6.to achieve 考查固定句式。It is +形容词+to do sth.,为固定句式,这种句式中的it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。然而,我们很快意识到要实现它们是很困难的。故本题填to achieve。

7.solution 考查名词。分析句子So,silence becomes the best (solve) to all difficulties and hardships.可知,本句中的空格处被the best修饰,可知本题要填名词,故用solve的名词solution。因此,沉默是解决所有困难和艰辛的最好办法。

8.be treated 考查被动语态。分析句子Life should (treat)...可知Life 是应该特别小心(被)对待。所以要用被动。而should 后要用动词原形,故填 be treated。 9.the 考查冠词。分析 best things可知,形容词最高级前要用定冠词the,故本题填the。

10.your 考查代词。分析句子If you do not want to have tearing eyes...hold a positive attitude towards (you) life every day!可知如果你不想流泪,那就试着微笑,每天积极面对生活。因为要修饰名词life,故用形容词性物主代词your。 Ⅲ.短文改错(2018高考英语原创押题预测卷)

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My favorite proverb is “A friend in need is a friend indeed.”It mean that true friends always come to you when you’re in trouble.Last term,my father met with a traffic accident,but his right leg got injured seriously.Consequently,he received the operation and I had to look after him in the hospital.Learned about this,Li Lei was offered to take care of my father without hesitation.He also helped me make up for my missing lessons.Thank to his help and inspiration,I went through the difficulty period and regained confidence.However,a true friend always spares no effort help you when you are in trouble.We all should try to make so good friends.

答案:My favorite proverb is “A friend in need is a friend indeed.”It that true friends always come to you when you’re in trouble.Last term,my father met with a traffic accident,his right leg got injured seriously.Consequently,he received operation and I had to look after him in the hospital. about this,Li Lei offered to take care of my father without hesitation.He also helped me make up for my missing lessons.to his help and inspiration,I went through the period and regained confidence.,a true friend always spares no effort help you when you are in trouble.We all should try to make good friends.

剖析:考查动词的第三人称单数的用法。It在句中作主语,指代上文的谚语“A friend in need is a friend indeed”,谓语动词用单数,并且句子是一般现在时,所以mean 要用第三人称单数形式,故将mean 改为means。

考查连词。前面说到“我父亲遇到车祸”,后面提到“他的右腿受伤严重”,所以前后应该是递进关系,而不是转折关系,故将but改为and。

考查冠词。因为“我父亲腿部受伤”,所以接受了一个手术。第一次提到手术,要用an,不用定冠词the,故将the 改为an。

考查非谓语动词。本句中句子的主语应该是后面的Li Lei,和learn为主动关系,所以应该使用learn 的主动形式,也就是说要用现在分词,而不是过去分词。故将Learned 改为Learning。

考查动词语态。这里是李雷主动提出照顾“我父亲”,所以应该用主动语态,故将offered前面的was 去掉。

考查固定搭配。thanks to 是固定搭配,所以要在Thank 后面加上s,故将Thank 改为Thanks。

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考查形容词的用法。这里应该用形容词修饰名词period,指“困难的时期”,所以应该将名词difficulty 改为形容词形式difficult。

考查副词的用法。此处是承接、总结前面的话,所以前后应该是因果关系,故将However 改为Therefore。

考查非谓语动词。spare no effort to do 是固定短语,意思是“不遗余力做某事”,所以要在help 之前加上to。

so修饰形容词或副词,such 修饰单数或复数名词。friends 是复数名词,所以应该用such 修饰,故将so 改为such。

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